Whats the Most Stolen Book from Libraries

Whats the Most Stolen Book from Libraries It may not come as a huge surprise that the book thats most stolen from public libraries is The Guinness Book of World Records. The books popularity is irrefutable. It serves as a form of trivia, entertainment and to settle arguments over any kind of fact, whether its whos the fastest runner, which is the biggest city or the most populous country. Whatever you can imagine, the Guinness Book has it all. The Idea Is Born The concept of creating such a book took place 60 years ago when Englishman Sir Hugh Beaver, Director of the Guinness Brewery that brews the famous Guinness Beer, attended a shooting party. An argument occurred over which European game bird was the fastest. There was no record or reference book that could settle the argument. The First Edition Sir Hugh, with the assistance of twins Norris and Ross McWhirter who ran a fact-finding industry in London, founded the company Guinness Superlatives. The twins research formed the first Guinness Book of Records which was released in the UK in 1955 and became a bestseller in its first edition. The following year, it was released in the United States and also became an immediate bestseller. International Acknowledgment Since its first publishing, the book has gone on to worldwide success. Today, its published in 31 languages including Mandarin, Icelandic and Arabic. Its also expanded into the entertainment industry, with several television programs in different countries including the United States, Portugal, China, Turkey, Italy and Germany, among others. The shows have all been highly successful and often feature live performances by record holders. The first Guinness Book of Records show was launched in the UK where the books original researchers Norris and Ross McWhirter answered questions posed by children in the audience. The twins were known to have encyclopedic memories and were able to recall even the most obscure facts on the spot. Today, there are several Guinness World Records museums in cities like Hollywood, Tokyo, Copenhagen and San Antonio. The franchise sells interactive DVDs and a video game for Nintendo Wii. There is even a Guinness World Records Day founded in 2005. The book itself has been cited as holding world records. In 1999, it set the record of being the largest single print run of a case-bound book in color with 2,402,000 copies printed. In 1995, the company earned a visit to the London office by Queen Elizabeth II on its 50th anniversary. In 2006, Michael Jackson visited the New York Office where he received a special award for his record breaking album Thriller. Types of Records The type of records in the book can be as varied as you can imagine. The man holding the record for most tattooed human is Lucky Diamond Rich, who set the record in 2006 with 100% of his body covered in tattoos including his tongue, the rims of his eyes, inside of his ears and his â€Å"delicate† areas. In 2009, Ashrita Furman of Queens, New York, won the record for being the â€Å"Person with the most records† with 100 confirmed records. Over the years, some decisions were made to eliminate certain records from the book in order to promote public safety. Eating and drinking records, as well as sword-swallowing records were taken out in order to avoid potential legal suits for publishing facts that promote hazardous behavior. Proving a record is no easy feat and Guinness teams are responsible for analyzing claims in order to ensure their veracity. Claims are made through written applications that take 4-6 weeks to process. A quicker response can be gained by paying a fee of $450. With such a rich and entertaining history, its no wonder that the book also holds the record for being the most stolen book from public libraries.

The Geology and Archaeology of Sinkholes

The Geology and Archaeology of Sinkholes A cenote (seh-NOH-tay) is the Maya term for a natural freshwater sinkhole, a geological feature found in the northern Yucatn Peninsula of Mexico, and other similar landscapes throughout the world. There are no rivers in the Yucatn; the regular high rainfall (1,300 mm or about 50 inches of rain falls every year) simply trickles through its calcareous landscape. Once below ground, the water forms a thin layer of water called a lens aquifer. Those aquifers flow horizontally, carving sinuous underground caves, and when the ceilings of those caves collapse, sinkhole openings to the surface are created. To be perfectly pedantic about it, the word cenote is a Spanish transliteration of the Maya word dzonoot or tsonot, which translates to water-filled cavity or natural well. Classifying Your Cenote Four general types of cenotes are defined in the geological literature: Open cenote or doline: a cylindrical shape with a large mouth and steep vertical walls (cenotes cilindricos in Spanish)Bottle-shaped or jug-shaped cenotes: a constricted mouth with a wider subsurface container (cenotes cntaro)Aguada-like cenotes: shallow water basins, typically degraded from a bottle or open cenotes (cenotes aguadas)Cavern cenotes: subterranean galleries with at least one cavity, access to which is a narrow opening that resembles a toads mouth (grutas) Uses of Cenotes As the only natural source of freshwater, cenotes are and were essential resources to people living in the Yucatn. Prehistorically, some cenotes were exclusively domestic, reserved for drinking water; others were exclusively sacred with their locations kept secret. A few, like the Great Cenote at Chichà ©n Itz, were sacred sites that served a number of religious purposes, including but not exclusively ritual sacrifice. To the ancient Maya, cenotes were passageways to the underground world of Xibalba. They were often also associated with the rain god Chaac, and sometimes said to be his dwelling place. Settlements grew up around many cenotes, and they were often part of or directly connected to the most important monumental architecture of the Maya capitals. Today cenotes are often fitted with an electric well, to allow people to easily draw water to the surface, which is then used for cultivation, agriculture or livestock. Field houses are built near them to support farming activities; shrines and masonry chapels are often found nearby. Some have developed complex water control features, tanks, and troughs. Alexander (2012) reports that cenotes are intimately tied to specific family groups, and often are the subject of ownership disputes over such issues as conservation and preservation. Yucatn Peninsula Cenotes Cenote formation in the Yucatn dates back several millions of years  when the Yucatn Peninsula was still below sea level. A prominent ring of cenotes results from the Chicxulub asteroid impact of 65 million years ago. The Chicxulub asteroid impact is often credited at least partly with killing off the dinosaurs. The impact crater is 180 kilometers (111 miles) in diameter and 30 meters (88 feet) deep, and along its outer limits is a ring of limestone karst deposits into which are eroded jug-shaped and vertical-walled cenotes. The Holbox-Xel-Ha fracture system in the northeastern coast of the Yucatn captures water from the east of the peninsula and feeding underground rivers and creating cavern and Aguada cenotes. Cenotes are still being created today: the most recent was July 2010, when a cave roof collapse in Campeche state created a 13 m (43 ft) wide, 40 m (131 ft) deep hole subsequently named el Hoyo de Chencoh. Non-Maya Cenotes Sinkholes are not exclusive to Mexico, of course, they are found throughout the world. Sinkholes are associated with legends on Malta (the legendary Maqluba collapse is thought to have occurred in the 14th century AD); and Lewis Carrolls Alice falling into Wonderland is thought to have been inspired by the sinkholes in Ripon, North Yorkshire. Sinkholes which are tourist attractions include North America:  Bottomless Lakes State Park and Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico; Leon Sinks in Florida;  the submarine  Great Blue Hole  (Caribbean Sea);  Ik Kil  cenote in the Yucatan peninsula is a big draw to cliff divers.Europe: Lagunas de Canada del Hoyo (Spain), Modro Jezero (Red Lake) in Croatia;  and Il-Majjistral Nature and History Park in Malta.   Recent Cenote Research One is Rani Alexanders (2012) article about the changes in farming practices in the Yucatn during the historical period, including the changing roles of cenotes. Traci Ardrens paper on child sacrifice highlights the Maya mythology of the Great Cenote of Chichen Itza; Little Salt Spring (Clausen 1979) is a cenote in southwest Florida, where Paleoindian and Archaic use has been established. Charlotte de Hoogds MA on Chichen Itzas sacred well is worth a look. Some recent papers such as Munro and Zurita describe concerns about the worldwide protection and conservation efforts to counter increasing pressure from intensive tourist development, urban expansion and the non-indigenous use of the cenotes, particularly in the Yucatan, where pollution threatens to destroy the peninsulas only potable water source. Source: Alexander R. 2012. Prohibido Tocar Este Cenote: The Archaeological Basis for the Titles of Ebtun. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 16(1):1-24. doi: 10.1007/s10761-012-0167-0 Ardren T. 2011. Empowered Children in Classic Maya Sacrificial Rites. Childhood in the Past 4(1):133-145. doi: 10.1179/cip.2011.4.1.133 Chase AF, Lucero LJ, Scarborough VL, Chase DZ, Cobos R, Dunning NP, Fedick SL, Fialko V, Gunn JD, Hegmon M et al. 2014. 2 Tropical Landscapes and the Ancient Maya: Diversity in Time and Space. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 24(1):11-29. doi: 10.1111/apaa.12026 Clausen CJ, Cohen AD, Emiliani C, Holman JA, and Stipp JJ. 1979. Little Salt Spring, Florida: A unique underwater site. Science 203(4381):609-613. doi: 10.1126/science.203.4381.609 Cockrell B, Ruvalcaba Sil JL, and Ortiz Dà ­az E. 2014. For Whom the Bells Fall: Metals from the Cenote Sagrado, Chichà ©n Itz. Archaeometry:n/a-n/a. Coratza P, Galve J, Soldati M, and Tonelli C. 2012. Recognition and assessment of sinkholes as geosites: lessons from the Island of Gozo (Malta). Quaestiones Geographicae 31(1):25-35. de Hoogd C. 2013. Diving the Maya World: Reassessing old excavations with new techniques: a case study on the Sacred Cenote of Chichen Itza. Leiden: University of Leiden. Frontana-Uribe SC, and Solis-Weiss V. 2011. First records of polychaetous annelids from Cenote Aerolito (sinkhole and anchialine cave) in Cozumel Island, Mexico. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 73(1):1-10. Lucero LJ, and Kinkella A. 2015. Pilgrimage to the Edge of the Watery Underworld: an Ancient Maya Water Temple at Cara Blanca, Belize. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25(01):163-185. Munro PG, and Zurita MdLM. 2011. The Role of Cenotes in the Social History of Mexicos Yucatn Peninsula. Environment and History 17(4):583-612. doi: 10.3197/096734011x13150366551616 Wollwage L, Fedick S, Sedov S, and Solleiro-Rebolledo E. 2012. The Deposition and Chronology of Cenote T’isil: A Multiproxy Study of Human/Environment Interaction in the Northern Maya Lowlands of Southeast Mexico. Geoarchaeology 27(5):441-456.